Laying pipes for water under ground methods. How to lay outdoor sewer pipes in a private home - the main rules

Before laying sewer pipes in a private house, it is necessary to develop a design of the installation in advance, since it is necessary to provide for the use of a minimum number of pipelines and spreads throughout the entire site. This is necessary in order to save your material costs and increase the efficiency of the system. At this stage, you need to design the design in a timely manner, to obtain the necessary amount of information and knowledge about what type of sewer pipe laying by its own hands is correct.

The first steps that need to be taken before the installation of sewer pipes in a private house

Before drawing up the scheme (project), be sure to answer the following questions:

1. How many people live in the house on an ongoing basis?
2. What kind of local wastewater treatment plant will you use?
3. Will you install the system yourself or through specialists?

After answering all the questions, think out all the water intake points and plan their compact placement. Create the simplest design of sludge drainage by organizing the reception of sewage into a common riser. If there are several floors in your house, then install the plumbing fixtures so that they are one above the other so that it is possible to drain the waste water into a single riser that passes through all the floors.



Next, your next major step is to choose the location of the local cleaning facility, to which the pipeline from the house will be connected. We recommend that you remove the septic tank no more than 5 m from the house. Place it at the maximum distance from the well, from which you gain drinking water (a distance of at least 30 m). Do not dispose of a cleaning station near a neighbor's fence (a distance of at least 2 m). In addition, take into account in advance that the septic one or two times a year will drive up

Without quality sanitation, you will not be able to live in a private house or in an apartment. This is the benefit of civilization has firmly entered our life and imagine life without a system of wastewater no longer possible. However, an incorrect scheme of wastewater disposal can cause a lot of trouble. This applies primarily to the laying of the pipeline. Since if they are laid, not following the rules or with the wrong bias, then problems are inevitable. It is about how to lay the sewer pipes in a private house and will be discussed in this article.

What materials to use?

For the arrangement of an external sewerage system in the main use a sewer pipe of orange color. They are made of polypropylene or PVC. For laying inside the house used gray.

They all have a polished inner surface, which reduces the risk of clogging. Another advantage is the presence of reinforced walls. This means that the laying of sewer pipes in the ground can be performed at a depth of up to 3 meters.

In the main mass, diameters of 110 millimeters are used. However, if a large volume of wastewater is assumed, a diameter of 160 mm can be used.

Systems of external sewerage require the use of strong materials. However, there are situations that an increased load is applied to the surface of the sewer. Under the influence of a constant load, cracks will appear and, as a result, a breakthrough. In order to immediately exclude the possibility of damage, it is necessary to lay corrugated elements with 2-layer walls.
So they have many advantages. Among them:

• Light weight;
• Resistance to reactive substances;
• Not exposed to corrosive effects;
• Polished inner surface.

All these pluses are worth knowing in order to make quality sewerage in a private house with your own hands, since if they are neglected, that it will be necessary to carry out earthworks for repair or cleaning of the system.

In addition to the undisputable advantages of the following:

• Dielectric material;
• Non-toxic;
• Have a low price;
• Allow to create any configuration of the system.

However, without certain information to understand how to do all the work will not immediately.

Project development

Before laying the sewer in a private house prepare an assembly project. This is due to the fact that the previously thought-out and minimized length of the sewer line at the site allows to reduce material costs and increase the efficiency of the system.

This stage involves the creation of a preliminary design of the entire structure in order to obtain the necessary data on how to properly lay the sewer pipes in a private house.

When designing a project, all the main points should be taken into account:

• Used diameters;
• The length of the pipe to the septic tank;
• Number of turns;
• Angles of slopes;
• Availability of wells-revisions;
• Necessity of warming;
• Will I need to pass the pipe under the foundation.

Based on the features of the site may include other nuances.

Sanitary norms and rules

In order to properly equip the sewerage in a private house with their own hands must be taken into account SanPiN. We are primarily interested in the depth of laying pipelines in the ground.

So, the rules define this point as follows.

• The level of embedding should be 30-50 cm less than the level of soil freezing. Here it is worth noting that the starting point is the lower boundary of the highway.
• When laying under high load conditions, the surface must be buried to 9 meters.

In general, the technology of laying pipes in the ground should be based on the following points:

1. Where the laying is planned, the soil must be compacted. This point is required to exclude undermining groundwater.

2. Compliance with bias. Due to the fact that domestic sewage passes by gravity. Without proper deviation, they will quickly become clogged.

3. If it is necessary to create sharp turns, you should equip the inspection wells.

There is another important point.

The bottom of the trench should be covered with sand. The thickness of the undercoat should be no less than 15 cm. With this thickness, it is necessary to pour the pipeline from above.

The implementation of this rule will simplify the possible repair of the system.

Pay attention! Wells-revision should be done where there are differences in the depth of occurrence. In addition, if the length of the highway is long, they must also be present.

How to prepare a trench

So, how to properly lay the sewer pipes in the ground? First, the trench must be properly prepared. It can be excavated either manually or with the use of special equipment. Whatever you choose, you should follow the rules of depth and width.

As already mentioned the most popular size - 110 mm. If you lay this diameter, you need a trench of 600 millimeters.

The depth of the location is determined at the design stage.  However, do not forget about the depth of freezing ground. So, in the central strip the level of the embankment is from 2.5 meters, and in the south of the country - from 1.2 meters. At the same time as in the north not less than 3 meters.

In addition, it is necessary to take into account the level of groundwater. In any case, the depth of the trench must be a depth of 0.5 meters more than the designed depth of sewage.

In order to make it convenient to carry out the connection it is necessary to maintain a distance between the pipeline and the trench walls at least 0.2 meters from the pipes to 225 mm and a distance of 0.35 m for the larger lines.

The surface of the bottom must be leveled. You can not allow the presence of uneven and frozen places.

In the presence of loose soil, the bottom should be strengthened. Sprinkle a pillow of sand or gravel with any type of soil. It is not necessary to compact the substrate over the entire length. Seal must be carried out only in places of approach to the manholes.

How to build a pipeline

We continue to understand how to sewage in a private house and the next stage will be directly styling. The sequence of actions will be as follows:

1. The inner surfaces of the funnels are cleaned of dust and dirt. The presence of all rubber seals is checked.

2. The laying process must begin from the foundation of the structure. Here, work can be done in two scenarios. First, if there is a mortgage at the base. In this case, the stacked element is put on the outlet with a bell. The second, if the output is not provided. In this case, the base is brought under and the entry is made.

Helpful advice. Silicone grease can be used to facilitate the connection. It should be applied to the smooth end and inserted into the socket.

In general, you can find out from the corresponding article.

3. Piping is laid at the required angle. The normalization of the angle was discussed above. The bias must necessarily be checked before proceeding to subsequent operations.

4. Next, all elements are joined. All operations must be carried out manually and carried out until the elements stop completely. When docking it is necessary to observe that there are no impurities on the smooth end face.

5. If the depth of the deposit is in the freezing zone, the line must be insulated. This is suitable for stenoflex. After warming it is necessary to reconcile the slope again and you can begin to fall asleep a trench.

6. Backfill is produced by soil that has been removed from the trench. In doing so, it should be cleaned of stones. As already mentioned, first sand is poured (15 cm), and then the main soil is poured.

We draw your attention to the fact that above the laid-down highway it is impossible to carry out compacting of the soil.

7. The final step is the connection of the sewer pipe to the septic tank. The connection is made by a nozzle soldered into the treatment plant.

In conclusion, it should be said that the process of laying sewer pipes is not complicated. The main point is to control the cleanliness of joints and joints, as well as slope.

One of the most important aspects in ensuring a healthy microclimate in the home is the installation of a heating system, and in particular, the laying of heating pipes. The durability of the entire system depends not only on the quality of the pipe materials, but also on the quality of its installation. In this article, we'll talk about the types of pipe laying, and also dwell in detail on the technology of flush mounting.

Installation of external heating pipelines

The main types of pipe laying for connection to the heating main:

• Underground gasket.
• Overhead gasket.

Laying pipes in the ground

This most common kind of gasket is divided into:

1. Duct gasket, which makes it possible to protect pipes from external influences. Channels are:
   • Passing, designed to lay a large number of pipes and providing them with quick access for repair and inspection.
   • Semi-pass, which are arranged when access is rarely needed.
   • Non-flowing, used for a pipeline of the same type: reverse or feeder.

1. Beskanalnoy laying, which significantly reduces the amount of excavation, time and costs for construction. Such laying of heating pipes in the ground will complicate the carrying out of repair work, but the use of modern reinforced shells for pipelines can guarantee their reliability.

Ways to lay heating pipes

Regardless of the type of piping system used (collector, two-pipe, single-tube), pipes can be laid in such ways:

1. Open laying, performed along the perimeter of the walls (usually along the plinth).
2. Hidden laying in the walls.
3. Laying heating pipes in the floor.

More often, the factor of aesthetics plays an important role in the choice of the method of laying and piping to the heating devices (the possibility of visual control of the condition of pipes with open laying is less frequent). On the technical side, with proper installation, the way of laying on the reliability and efficiency of the system is not significantly affected.

There is a dependence of the gasket technology on the pipe material. For example, the thermal expansion of steel pipes is minimal, they can be practically immured during installation. The probability of their rupture or deformation in the construction is small.

Metal-plastic pipes have absolutely opposite properties. For safety reasons, they must be protected with thermowells with a diameter greater than the cross-section of the pipe. This insulation gives the pipe to expand the extra space and reduces heat loss.

The open gasket is carried out with the help of special clips, with which the pipes are attached to the wall. How does such a system look like it is presented in video:

Hidden laying of heating pipes

Pros and cons of a hidden gasket

The undoubted advantage of this method is that it is not necessary to be afraid that with the design design of the room the heating pipes can not harmoniously fit into the interior.

Disadvantages of flush mounting:

• Labor intensity.
• The presence of heat losses, since even with the qualitative insulation of the pipes, some of the heat is spent on heating the structure, which simultaneously performs protective and decorative functions.
• The complexity of maintenance, associated with the need to dismantle protective and decorative structures for access to emergency areas;
• High price, due to the need for more material.

Technology of hidden laying of heating pipes

The installation of the distribution of the heating pipes is carried out after installing all the radiators on the walls. For the period of finishing works from radiators factory packaging is not removed.

Stages of production:

1. Preparation, including the choice of the type of heating. For the installation of a system with forced circulation, it is best to lay the heating pipes under the floor or in a wall structure. With natural circulation, the discharge pipe is placed behind the suspended ceiling, and the descents of the risers and the lower work line are laid in the wall.
2. Pipeline marking, produced on walls.
3. Executing the stunt. First, with the help of the Bulgarian, its boundaries are set, then the perforator itself is knocked out by the shroud itself.

1. Laying out wiring. Fastening of heating pipes in the rod is carried out by clips.

It must be remembered that the use of detachable joints, such as connections with detachable nuts, collet for metal-plastic pipes, with concealed wiring is unacceptable.

1. Connecting the pipeline to the heating devices.
2. Pressurization is carried out, under current standards, under pressure.

With concealed wiring, the pipes should be filled only after a hydraulic test (crimping) of the heating system.

1. Decoration or bricking. Before the start of work, the pipes are insulated. Decoration can be carried out in such ways:

• Stucco - seal stroiba solution of a small fortress of sand and cement or plaster on a gypsum base.
• Heating pipes in the wall can be plastered with plasterboard. Strips of drywall paste through plaster plaster. Completely masks the shroud following putty.
• Gypsum board boxes, which do not require damage to the walls. They are used quite often, since their use eliminates the need to destroy the finish in the event of a malfunction.

Pipeline sealing should only be carried out when the entire heating system is under pressure, which emulates its "behavior". Making the necessary adjustments allows you to achieve a minimum impact of deformation forces on the decorative finish.

When landscaping a private house must build a water supply and sewage. Therefore, the laying of sewage pipes must be carried out in compliance with certain rules. If errors are made during the design or installation, the system will not be able to work effectively. So, if you do not withstand a certain slope of the pipes, the sewerage will often be clogged. We'll figure out how to lay sewer pipes in a private house.

If you decide to build it yourself, then the question of how to lay sewer pipes in a private house needs to be clarified for yourself even before the installation begins. You should spend time familiarizing yourself with the rules and requirements that are mandatory for the construction of the pipeline.

If the internal networks in the apartment are high-rise buildings, and in the private house are installed the same way, the laying of sewer pipes from the withdrawal from the foundation to the septic tank is a specific technology that only owners of private houses have to face.

Installation of internal networks

Internal networks include all plumbing devices in the apartment, as well as pipes that connect them.

Materials for the installation of internal networks

At present, for the installation of sewer pipes in the apartment use polymer pipes. As a rule, these are products made of PVC or polypropylene. At the same time, a sewage pipe having a diameter of 100 or 110 mm is used to construct a riser and to organize a tap from the toilet.

For taps from the bathtub and other plumbing devices it is recommended to lay pipes with a cross section of 40-50 mm. The technology of assembling internal networks involves connecting sewage pipes with various types of fittings. In addition, rubber seals are required, which are necessary to seal joints, as well as pipe clamps.

Advice! The assortment and number of fittings are determined by the pipeline design.

Cutting pipes

Before beginning the laying of sewage pipes in a private house, they must be cut into lengths of the required length. Ideally, the pipes should be cut using a special tool - a pipe cutter, which simultaneously with the cut creates a chamfer at the end of the cut off section.

In the absence of such an instrument, it is possible to cut the pipes with an ordinary hacksaw. Only it is necessary to spend time for processing of a place of a cut.

Advice! Unlike pipes, fittings can not be shortened.

Connection of internal sewage pipes

How to connect the pipes correctly? Docking pipes and fittings in the following order:

• We check the presence and correctness of the location of the sealing ring in the socket, as well as the presence of a chamfer on a smooth pipe.
• All parts are cleaned from dust and dirt.
• A lubricant based on silicone is applied to the insertion end of the pipe or fitting.

Advice! Lubrication is necessary to reduce friction between parts, if necessary, silicone paste can be replaced with a liquid soap. Do not lubricate the inner surface of the socket.

• The lubricated end of the pipe or fitting is pushed into the socket hole until it stops. The depth of the entry is marked on the pipe (mark it with a marker or pencil). Now gently pull the pipe back by 10 mm. When fitting shaped parts, it is not necessary to make a gap.

Pipe incline

To ensure that the drains move freely by gravity, the rules for laying sewer pipes are required, they must be laid with a slope. The slope is determined depending on the diameter of the pipes.

The fact is that in order for the pipes to be self-cleaning and less likely to form clogs, it is necessary to ensure that the drains move along them at a rate of 0.7-1 m / sec.

Therefore, when using pipes with a cross section of 50 mm, it is recommended to withstand a slope of 3 cm per meter of pipeline, and when using pipes 100-110 mm in size this figure will be 2 cm per meter.

Fixation of pipes

The laid pipes must be fixed, the technology of work execution involves the use of clamps fixed to the wall. The distance between two adjacent yokes shall be:

• On horizontal lines, the pitch of the clamps should be equal to ten pipe diameters. For example, when mounting pipes 50 mm in size, the distance between the fasteners should be 50 cm.
• When installing the risers, the position step is 1 - 1.3 meters.

Advice! To reduce the noise of the pipeline between the pipe and the collar, a rubber gasket is installed.

And how is the laying of the pipes of the sewage system under the concealed method of installation? Pipes can be laid under a concrete floor screed or in grooves made in walls. In this case, the standard installation rules are observed.

If the walls with the pipe laid in them will be plastered without sewing sheet material to them, the pipes should be wrapped with a soft cushion material, for example, corrugated cardboard. When laying a pipe through an overlap, it is recommended to use special protective covers.

Installation of external networks

The main difference between the installation of external networks is that it is necessary to lay a sewer pipe in the ground. This is the reason for the nuances of the installation.

Methods of installing pipes

You can install sewer pipes in a private house in two ways:

• Open. In this case, the pipe is laid in a trench, on a cushion made of sand.
• Closed. With this method of installation, the sand cushion is exactly the same, but a special tray made of reinforced concrete is used to lay the pipe. After laying the pipes, the trays are covered with a reinforced concrete slab.

Determination of the depth of the pipe laying

One of the most difficult issues to be solved in the construction of outdoor networks is at what depth to lay the sewer pipe in the ground. How to lay the pipeline? To solve this problem, one should take into account:

• The level of freezing of land in a given locality.
• Calculated pipe strength coefficients.
• Planned dynamic loads provided by transport.
• The location of the entry point in the central reservoir or septic tank.

Thus, the climate is one of the determining factors, taking into account the depth of the sewage pipes. In the construction manuals there are tables that indicate the depth of freezing of the soils, depending on the region.

However, it is impossible to focus only on the climatic factor, we must also take into account other nuances. In particular, the compressive strength of the pipe. This indicator must be specified by the manufacturer in the product description. There are restrictions on the depth of the bookmark. So, in dry soils, you can lay sewage pipes no deeper than 8 meters, in saturated-saturated - 6 meters.

It should be noted that the indicator, such as the depth of laying sewer pipes - SNiP does not define rigidly. The point is that in determining this value one has to take into account also such an objective factor as the location of the entrance to the central collector. Put the pipeline below this point there is no point, since the drains simply will not enter the collector.

In this case, when deciding how to lay the pipeline, the entrance to the main pipe is taken for the lower point of the pipeline, the rest of the pipeline is laid with the planned gradient. If local sewerage is installed with the installation of a septic tank, laying sewer pipes in the ground at great depth also does not make sense.

The depth of installation of the septic tank may be limited by the level of the location of groundwater, as well as by economic considerations, since too deep installation of a septic tank will lead to an increase in the volume of land works.

Installation of external sewerage

• First, the treatment facility is installed, then the pipeline is installed.
• Trenches for laying pipes are digged in such a way that it is possible to provide the necessary slope of the pipeline.

• At the bottom of the trench, an amortization cushion made of sand or small gravel is arranged. Tamp sand is not necessary, this should be done only in places where it is planned to install wells.
• Pipes of external sewage are connected to the bell in the same way as the connections of the pipes of internal networks.
• The inspection wells should be installed in the areas of pipeline turns, as well as in straight sections every 15-20 meters in length.
• Backfilling is carried out in the first stage with sand, then with soil. Tramping the backfill is done only at the edges, otherwise it can damage the laid pipes. The soil is poured with mounds, as it will eventually settle.

So, when carrying out work on laying pipes of both internal and external sewerage networks, it is necessary to follow the rules and norms of construction. Only in this case the sewerage system will work without interruptions.

While planning the construction of a new house, we take into account our financial capabilities, but very often it happens that the expenses are much larger than expected. There is practically no money, but not all communications are summed up. How to overcome this situation? Reduce your costs if you lay the sewer in the ground and inside the house  made by yourself.

In this article I will tell you about the technology of laying sewer pipes in a closed sewage system. And we will start with the project of the system.

System design

When developing the project of autonomous sewerage on the site the following facts are taken into account:

• Soil composition on the site.
• Ground water level.
• Depth of soil freezing.
• Mechanical loads on the system.

The project specifies the locations of all sewerage points inside the house and yard, the location of the septic tank, the point of water intake, the installation line of the sewage pipes, the turning points, the joint of the inner and outer pipes, the installation of auditors.

At the design stage, it is determined from which material it is better to use pipes, the need for carrying out heat insulation works, the number of adapters, whether or not to equip the drainage system.

Peculiarities of laying pipes

In order for the sewage disposal system to operate reliably, it is necessary to take into account factors affecting its operation:

1. For an autonomous sewage system use pipes whose diameter is  not less than 110 mm.
2. Plumbing equipment to the system can be connected with pipes having a diameter of 50 mm.
3. The horizontal angle of the adapters and bends should be equal to 45 degrees.
4. Do slope of sewer pipe  from the point of draining to the septic tank. On the linear meter of the pipe the slope should be at least 2 cm.
5. For sewerage passing through the site, inspection and inspection wells are installed.
6. The sewer pipe is insulated if it is laid above the freezing level of the ground.
7. To seal the joints, silicone or a special sealant is used.
8. The sewage system starts at the discharge point and ends with a sewage treatment plant or receiver.
9. For the withdrawal of gas accumulations, the entire system equipped with ventilation holes.
10. To lay the cast-iron pipe, a special technique is needed.
11. Installation of the sewer pipe begins after marking the entire system on the site.

Note! If you intend to use pipes made of cast iron in an autonomous sewer system, it is necessary to buy pipes coated with a special compound against corrosion.

It is possible to make a sewage system without the use of heavy equipment if you choose polymer or plastic pipes.

Sewer system of polymer pipes

Many owners of country houses refuse to use cast-iron pipes for the sewerage system because of their heavy weight and labor-intensive installation, choosing more modern plastic products. Lightweight pipes can be laid without additional labor. In addition, the plastic has excellent strength and resistance to aggressive media.

For the inner part of the sewage system it is better to use polyvinylchloride pipes  . They perfectly withstand the drains of different temperatures.

Note! For the laying of external sewage use polypropylene and polyethylene pipes and other elements of the system of these materials.

Products perfectly withstand the pressure of the soil and its freezing, without losing form and without cracking. In addition to these characteristics, pipes and septic tanks made of polyethylene and polypropylene can not be corroded and completely hermetic. The connecting parts are also made of these materials, which makes it possible to build a quality pipeline of the drainage system.

The rules for laying the sewage route require observance of one important condition - the absence of sharp turns and level differences. It is in these places that plugs are most often formed. Experts recommend that in the pit wells and the turning points, establish inspectors or manholes.

Note! When installing sewer pipes, it is necessary to comply with regulatory documents. They are written all the rules, including information about the depth of the sewerage. You will need SNiP P-D.3-62.

Installation

All the necessary information has been thoroughly studied, the depth of the gasket has been calculated, the required diameter of the pipe and adapter has been purchased, the purification plant has been selected and now it is possible to start the laying process.

First of all, it is necessary to excavate a pit for a cesspool or a septic tank in the place provided by the project. After this, proceed to dig trenches for laying pipes. The depth of the excavation and the trench must be at least 20 cm below the designed level of installation of the sewage elements.

Note! Pipes perfectly withstand a low temperature, but the water in them can freeze in severe frosts. To avoid unpleasant situations, it is best to wrap the sewage pipes with heat-insulating material, and then fill it with a small layer of a dry mixture. To prepare the backfill, take five pieces of sand and one part of the cement.

For good performance of the entire system it is important to observe the projected slope of the pipe laying. On a flat surface of the site, the depth of the trench near the house will be less than near the septic tank. If the site has a natural bias from the house to the septic tank, simply dig a trench of the same depth along the entire length of the pipeline.

Note! On a site with a steep slope, it is best to divide the sewage system into several compartments with different levels, installing distribution or delta wells. If you do not slow down the flow, it is possible cesspit destruction  or a septic tank.

The bottom of the excavated trench should be well tamped and covered with a layer of sand or rubble of the middle fraction. The depth of laying pipes in the trench can be completely different. With a high groundwater pipe and a deep freezing of the ground, the trench is dig deep, and the pipe is laid in it as high as possible. At low groundwater the pipe is laid in the center of the trench or closer to the bottom.

Before laying, check the pipes for debris. If necessary, clean the pipes well. Installation of sewer pipes starts from the drain points in the house, leading one pipe to the street. Then from the house, the pipes are laid in the direction of the septic tank or the cesspool, connecting along the way other branches from the street drains.

Note! Do not forget to use silicone grease or seal rings when connecting two pipes. In places of branching and turns of a pipe to establish auditors.

Pipes connect as tightly as possible with force pushing to the stop. When the pipes are fully connected and laid, it is necessary to carefully wrap them with any thermal insulation material. In addition to inspectors and inspection wells, install a vent pipe near the house. If the sewer line is long, you can install one or two more pipes. The drainage pit or septic tank must have its own ventilation.

Note! Do not rush to fall asleep immediately. First make a control drain of water. It will show you how well the pipe laying works were performed.

If everything is fine, drain the sewer first by covering 15 cm with a layer of sand with cement and then with soil. Inspectors and manholes should be at least 20 cm above the soil level.

Now you have all the information on how to lay the pipe underground so that the sewage system works without failures. In addition to the above material, we recommend viewing the video about laying the sewer pipes by yourself. If you made the sewer system yourself, share your experience with our readers, leaving comments on the article.

Video

Watch a video about installing a sewer system:

Watch the video about laying outdoor sewer:

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